Declarations
Funding
The research was supported by UBACyT20020170100428BA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) PIP 11220200102038CO, PICT-2020-SERIEA-I-INVI-00540, and the CLIMAX Project funded by Belmont Forum/ANR-15-JCL/-0002-01. Elio Campitelli was supported by a PhD grant from CONICET, Argentina.
Conflict of interest/Competing interests
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Availability of data and materials
All data used in this paper available in a Zenodo repository (Campitelli, Díaz, and Vera 2022b) (https://zenodo.org/record/6612429). Indices updated monthly and daily will be made available at http://www.cima.fcen.uba.ar/~elio.campitelli/shceof/.
It is also freely available from their respective sources:
ERA5 data can be obtained via the Copernicus Climate Data Store (https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp\#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-pressure-levels-monthly-means\).
ERSSTv5 can be obtained via NOAA’s NCEI websiste at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ncdc:C00927
CMAP Precipitation data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSL, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.cmap.html.
The Oceanic Niño Index is available via NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center: https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/detrend.nino34.ascii.txt.
The Oceanic Niño Index is available via NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center: https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/detrend.nino34.ascii.txt.
The Dipole Mode Index is available via Global Climate Observing System Working Group on Surface Pressure: https://psl.noaa.gov/gcos_wgsp/Timeseries/Data/dmi.had.long.data
Code availability
A version-controlled repository of the code used to create this analysis, including the code used to download the data can be found at https://github.com/eliocamp/shceof.