As an atmospheric scientists, a lot of my research consists on plotting and looking at global fields of atmospheric variables like pressure, temperature and the like. Since our planet is a sphere (well, almost), it is unbound and so longitude is a periodic dimension. That is, to the right of 180°E you go back to 180°W. But ggplot2 and other plotting systems, for the most part, assume linear dimensions.
For a while now I’ve been thinking that, yes, ggplot2 is awesome and offers a lot of geoms and stats, but it would be great if it could be extended with new user-generated geoms and stats. Then I learnt that ggplot2 actually has a pretty great extension system so I could create my own geoms I needed for my work or just for fun. But still, creating a geom from scratch is an involved process that doesn’t lend itself to simple transformations.
While trying to build a circular colour scale to plot angles and wind direction, I stumbled upon an easy way to make shaded reliefs in R. You known, when you look at cool maps of mountain areas where peaks and valleys are easily distinguishable from their shadows like this:
What I accidentally discovered is that one way of approximating this look is by taking the directional derivatives of height and then plotting the cosine of its angle from the sun.
